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Effect of colorectal cancer screening programs on lethality and incidence from this disease in the Czech Republic modeled by an APC approach
Čady, Ondřej ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
This work will first introduce the problems related to the colorectal cancer - its epidemiology and screening possibilities. Next the main topic is addressed - i.e. to ascertain the influence of national screening programmes for colorectal cancer on really observed data of lethality and incidence of this disease. Group of so-called APC models was selected as a useful tool for this purpose. Applying these methods on data of The National Oncological Registry of the Czech Republic for the period between 1980 till 2009 this work aims to prove expected reducing effect of area-wide screening programme on incidence and lethality related to colorectal cancer. Using the AP model and data of previous period before the screening introduction (i.e. 1980-1999) the values of incidence and lethality were predicted for the period in question (i.e. 2000-2009). Mere comparison of this predicted values with really observed data showed that real lethality and incidence was significantly lower in both sexes as compared to the model without the screening intervention. Difference between predicted and real data corroborates positive influence of colorectal cancer screening.
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Effect of colorectal cancer screening programs on lethality and incidence from this disease in the Czech Republic modeled by an APC approach
Čady, Ondřej ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
This work will first introduce the problems related to the colorectal cancer - its epidemiology and screening possibilities. Next the main topic is addressed - i.e. to ascertain the influence of national screening programmes for colorectal cancer on really observed data of lethality and incidence of this disease. Group of so-called APC models was selected as a useful tool for this purpose. Applying these methods on data of The National Oncological Registry of the Czech Republic for the period between 1980 till 2009 this work aims to prove expected reducing effect of area-wide screening programme on incidence and lethality related to colorectal cancer. Using the AP model and data of previous period before the screening introduction (i.e. 1980-1999) the values of incidence and lethality were predicted for the period in question (i.e. 2000-2009). Mere comparison of this predicted values with really observed data showed that real lethality and incidence was significantly lower in both sexes as compared to the model without the screening intervention. Difference between predicted and real data corroborates positive influence of colorectal cancer screening.
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The question of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage
Borovcová, Anna ; Bezchlebová, Daniela (advisor) ; Fabiánová, Jana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the issue of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. Therefore it focuses on all vaccines against infectious diseases which are now mandatory for all of the children: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The goal of this thesis is to illustrate the importance and benefits of vaccination on incidence and mortality of these diseases. Another part of this thesis is also description of methodology which is used to gather data about vaccination coverage and what the results are. In this part Liberec Region is used as an example. As a result of the unsuitable methodology which is used for data gathering in the Czech Republic, it was not possible to say whether the vaccination coverage de-creases in time. The thesis itself provides an information overview about vaccination which is important from demographic point of view and it also might be an impulse for changing current methodology of data collection.
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The mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the Czech Republic and selected EU countries
Křížová, Jana ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Pechholdová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis deals with the problems of cardiovascular diseases in Czech Republic and selected EU countries. Over the long term mortality in the Czech Republic there are changes in mortality rates. Largest fluctuations in the intensity of mortality were caused just cardiovascular diseases. These changes can be explained by the greater part of the changing economic and social factors, eating habits and decrease levels of some risk factors. On overall cardiovascular mortality in the long term the most involved two groups of diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. In international comparisons, the differences in the development of cardiovascular mortality between developed countries and the former socialist countries considerable.
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The incidence, prevalence, letality and fatality from cancers in the Czech Republic
Křížová, Jana ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Malečková, Romana (referee)
In the past few decades, the Czech Republic took place significant changes in mortality rates. The objective of this study is to determine the development of cancer in the Czech Republic over the last forty years. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are being used. Emphasis is placed on the current development of all cancers in this country and further detail on those cancers that affect most of our population. In the very end, based on the results of the mortality tables, are analyzed the changes in life expectancy depending on the elimination of the deaths of some cancers. This model can use as an idea of how many years would, on average, our population lingered longer, if the cancer did not cause of death.
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Risk Analysis, Prevention And Following Crise Measures During A Possible SARS Desease Importation
TOUSECKÝ, Peter
The topic of my bachelor thesis is {\clqq} The Risk Analysis, Prevention and Subsequent Crisis Precaution within Possible SARS Spreading.`` Nowadays SARS {--}Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome belongs to the possible threat to the population and starting with 12 th March 2003 the term SARS was defined as a risk phenomenon by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a matter of fact, SARS at the time of its beginning and spreading all over the world, didn´t occur in the Czech Republic and has been forgotten. More than ever it is necessary to remind the principal aspect of SARS origin and its potential impact on the inhabitants of the Czech Republic and its neighbouring countries in the case of SARS reccurence in the world. Educational training in a form of the anonymous questionnaire consisting of 80 respondents as well as information processing are the parts of my bachelor thesis. To the topic mentioned above I was motivated, at the time of SARS pandemic in the world, by the work in the Security Corps whose aim was monitoring and eliminating refugees inflow toEurope from the region of developing countries. Research data unambiguously prove that the developing countries were the area of SARS origin and occurence. Especially in 2003 in the land register of Strání Květná, district Uherské Hradiště, national border with Slovakia,the inflow more than 1000 refugees was recognized. But the estimates in this region start from the number of 5000 refugees who used this area of national border of the Czech Republic for illegal transferring to the developed European countries, namely Germany, with the help of passers. At that time the members of Force Corps had to face up to refugees drive although they were not trained and protected from SARS infection. I was interested in the problem of the infection transmission and I concluded that the fear in dealing with refugees in this post was wasted. SARS incubation period was maximum 10 days but the refugees´ transit from the country of origin especially from China to the Czech Republic was examined to the period from 1 to 3 months. The necessity to inform inhabitants of possible SARS transmission to Europe and the Czech Republic afterwords results from the mentioned personal knowledge.
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